Hartnup disease is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to absorb certain amino acids, leading to skin rashes, neurological symptoms, and nutritional deficiencies. While there’s no cure, proper dietary management can help control symptoms and improve quality of life. This article explores the key symptoms of Hartnup disease, along with a tailored diet plan highlighting foods to eat and avoid for better health.
Recognizing the Symptoms of Hartnup Disease
Hartnup disease disrupts amino acid absorption in the kidneys and intestines, causing:
✔ Skin issues – A red, scaly rash (similar to pellagra) triggered by sunlight.
✔ Neurological symptoms – Mood swings, headaches, and occasional tremors.
✔ Digestive problems – Nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
✔ Fatigue & weakness – Due to poor nutrient absorption.
Symptoms often flare up during illness, stress, or poor nutrition, making diet a crucial part of management.
Hartnup Disease Diet: Key Nutritional Strategies
Since Hartnup disease impairs amino acid absorption, dietary adjustments help compensate for deficiencies. The focus should be on:
- High-protein foods (to replenish lost amino acids).
- Vitamin B3 (niacin) supplementation (to prevent pellagra-like symptoms).
- Balanced hydration and electrolytes (to support kidney function).
Foods to Eat for Hartnup Disease
To support amino acid levels and overall health, include these nutrient-rich options:
✔ Lean proteins – Chicken, turkey, fish, eggs (provide essential amino acids).
✔ Niacin-rich foods – Peanuts, mushrooms, avocados, whole grains.
✔ Complex carbohydrates – Brown rice, quinoa, oats (for sustained energy).
✔ Fruits & vegetables – Bananas, spinach, sweet potatoes (for vitamins/minerals).
✔ Healthy fats – Nuts, seeds, olive oil (support brain function).
Note: Some patients may need prescribed niacin supplements—consult a doctor.
Foods to Avoid with Hartnup Disease
Certain foods can worsen symptoms or interfere with nutrient absorption:
❌ Excessive alcohol (depletes B vitamins and worsens neurological symptoms).
❌ Processed sugars & refined carbs (can cause energy crashes).
❌ High-sodium foods (may strain kidney function).
❌ Sunlight-triggering foods (like citrus, in rare cases, if they worsen rashes).
Sample Hartnup Disease Meal Plan
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs with whole-grain toast + banana.
Lunch: Grilled chicken with quinoa and steamed spinach.
Dinner: Baked salmon with sweet potato and avocado salad.
Snacks: Handful of peanuts, yogurt with berries.
Lifestyle Tips for Managing Hartnup Disease
✅ Stay hydrated – Helps kidneys flush excess amino acids.
✅ Use sunscreen – Prevents skin rash flare-ups.
✅ Monitor protein intake – Too little can worsen deficiencies.
✅ Regular check-ups – Blood tests can track nutrient levels.
While Hartnup disease requires lifelong management, a well-planned diet rich in proteins and B vitamins can significantly reduce symptoms. By focusing on nutrient-dense foods and avoiding triggers, individuals with Hartnup disease can lead active, healthy lives.